A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (2025)

UPDATED: May 8, 2024

State and local governments are increasingly adopting laws and regulations that prohibit employers from requesting salary history information from job applicants.

The laws are aimed at ending the cycle of pay discrimination and some go further than merely banning pay history questions. A few also prohibit an employer from relying on an applicant's pay history to set compensation if discovered or volunteered; others prohibit an employer from taking disciplinary action against employees who discuss pay with coworkers.

Here, we track the states, cities and other jurisdictions that have passed such bans, and offer a brief description of each law's requirements, its effective date and a link to the original law.

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  • State-wide Bans: 22
  • Local Bans: 23

Key

Salary history ban enacted

Salary history bans prohibited

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (1)Alabama

State-wide

Effective date: Sept. 1, 2019

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not refuse to hire, interview, promote or employ a job applicant based on the applicant's decision not to provide pay history.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (2)California

State-wide

Effective date: Jan. 1, 2018

Employers affected: All employers, including state and local government employers and the legislature

California's ban prohibits private and public employers from seeking a candidate's pay history. Even if an employer already has that information or an applicant volunteers it, it still can't be used in determining a new hire's pay. The law also requires employers to give applicants pay scale information if they request it.

View the law
View amendments

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San Francisco

Effective date: July 1, 2018

Employers affected: All employers, including city contractors and subcontractors

A city ordinance in San Francisco prohibits employers from both asking and considering a job applicants' current or prior compensation in setting pay. It also bars them from disclosing a current or former employee’s salary information without their consent.

View the law

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A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (3)Colorado

State-wide

Effective date: Jan. 1, 2021

Employers affected: All employers, including the state and any political subdivision, commission, department, institution or school district thereof.

Employers may not ask about an applicant's pay history, nor can they rely on pay history to determine wages. Employers may not discriminate or retaliate against a prospective employee for failing to disclose their pay history.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (4)Connecticut

State-wide

Effective date: Jan. 1, 2019

Employers affected: Any individual, corporation, limited liability company, firm, partnership, voluntary association, joint stock association, the state and any political subdivision thereof and any public corporation within the state

Employers may not ask about an applicant's pay history, unless it was voluntarily disclosed.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (5)Delaware

State-wide

Effective date: Dec. 14, 2017

Employers affected: All employers, or an employer's agent

Employers are prohibited from screening applicants based on past compensation and from asking about salary history. They may, however, confirm that information after an offer is extended.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (6)District of Columbia

District-wide

Effective date: Nov. 17, 2017

Employers affected: Agencies of the D.C. Government

District government agencies are prohibited from asking candidates for their salary history unless it is brought up by a candidate after an offer of employment is extended.

View the directive

Effective date: June 30, 2024

Employers affected: All employers in the district except the D.C. and federal governments

Employers may not seek pay history.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (7)Georgia

Atlanta

Effective date: Feb. 18, 2019

Employers affected: City agencies

Atlanta will not ask for salary history on its employment applications, in verbal interviews or in employment screenings.

View the announcement

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (8)Hawaii

State-wide

Effective date: Jan. 1, 2019

Employers affected: All employers, employment agencies andemployees or agents thereof

Employers are prohibited from asking about applicants' salary histories, and they cannot rely on that information unless volunteered by the applicant. The law does not apply to internal applicants.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (9)Illinois

State-wide

Effective date: Jan. 15, 2019

Employers affected: State agencies

Illinois' governor said the state will no longer ask prospective employees questions about salary history.

View the announcement

Effective date: Sept. 29, 2019

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not seek pay history including benefits or other compensation. Employers may, however, discuss applicants' pay expectations.

View the law

Chicago

Effective date: April 10, 2018

Employers affected: City departments

City departments may not ask for applicants' salary histories.

View the order

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (10)Kentucky

Louisville

Effective date: May 17, 2018

Employers affected: The Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government or any department, agency or office thereof unless specifically excluded in the law

City agencies may not ask for applicants' salary histories.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (11)Louisiana

New Orleans

Effective date: Jan. 25, 2017

Employers affected: City departments

City agencies may not ask for applicants' salary histories.

View the order

Effective date: Oct. 1, 2019

Employers affected: The city

The city will not seek pay history, nor will it screen applicants based on their current or prior pay, compensation or other benefits. The city will not rely on pay history in the determination of wages nor in determining whether to offer employment to an applicant. Once an offer of employment is made, an applicant may offer pay history to negotiate a higher salary.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (12)Maine

State-wide

Effective date: Sept. 17, 2019

Employers affected: All employers.

An employer may not seek information about a prospective employee's pay history until after a job offer has been negotiated.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (13)Maryland

State-wide

Effective date: Oct. 1, 2020

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not seek pay history, but they may confirm wage history voluntarily provided by an applicant after an initial offer of employment, including an offer of compensation, is made. Upon request, employers must provide an applicant the wage range of the position for which the applicant applied.

View the law

Montgomery County

Effective date: Aug. 14, 2019

Employers affected: The Montgomery County government

The county will neither seek nor rely on an applicant's salary history as a factor in determining whether to hire the applicant or when setting pay. The county must not retaliate or refuse to hire an applicant for the applicant's refusal to disclose their salary history. The county may rely on salary history voluntarily disclosed by an applicant to offer the applicant a higher wage than initially offered if this does not result in unequal pay for equal work based on gender.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (14)Massachusetts

State-wide

Effective date: July 1, 2018

Employers affected: All employers, including state and municipal employers.

Employers cannot request salary history information. They can, however, confirm prior history if volunteered by the applicant or if an offer has been extended. If known, previous pay cannot be a defense to a pay discrimination claim.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (15)Michigan

State-wide

Effective date: June 24, 2018

Employers affected: None

Michigan has prohibited salary history bans in the state. Local governments may not regulate the information that employers must request, require, or exclude on an application for employment or during the interview process.

View the law

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Swimming against the tide, Michigan forbids salary history bans statewide


Effective date: Jan. 8, 2019

Employers affected: State departments and certain autonomous agencies

Departments may not ask about a job applicant's salary history until a conditional offer of employment is extended. They also may not ask a current or prior employer or search public records databases to ascertain an applicant's current or previous salary. Information already known or inadvertently discovered may not be considered.

View the directive

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (16)Minnesota

State-wide

Effective date: January 1, 2024

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not seek pay history. The prohibition does not apply if an applicant's pay history is a matter of public record — unless employers seek access to those public records with the intent of obtaining pay history for the purpose of determining wages, salary, earnings, benefits or other compensation for that applicant. Applicants may voluntarily disclose pay history and, if they do, employers may consider voluntarily disclosed pay history to support a wage or salary higher than that initially offered by the employer.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (17)Mississippi

Jackson

Effective date: June 13, 2019

Employers affected: The city

Applications for employment with the city shall not inquire about salary history.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (18)Missouri

Kansas City

Effective date: July 26, 2018

Employers affected: The city

The city may not ask applicants for their pay history until they have been hired at an agreed-upon salary.

View the law

Effective date: Oct. 31, 2019

Employers affected: All employers employing six or more employees

Employers may not ask for nor rely on job applicants' salary history when deciding to offer employment, or in determining salary, benefits or other compensation during the hiring process. Employers may ask about the applicant's expectations around salary, benefits and compensation. The law's prohibitions don't apply to voluntary and unprompted disclosures of salary history information by an applicant.

View the law

St. Louis

Effective date: March 11, 2020

Employers affected: The city

Offices, departments and other divisions of the city may not inquire about an applicant's salary history, nor can they refuse to hire or otherwise retaliate against applicants for refusing to disclose salary history. The law's prohibitions do not apply to applicants for internal transfer, promotion or certain previously employed applicants.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (19)Nevada

State-wide

Effective date: October 1, 2021

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not seek pay history, nor may they refuse to hire, interview, promote or employ applicants who do not provide pay history. Employers must provide a wage or salary range to applicants who have completed interviews for positions, and they must provide the wage or salary range or rate in certain cases of a promotion or transfer. Employers may ask applicants about their pay expectations.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (20)New Jersey

State-wide

Effective date: Feb. 1, 2018

Employers affected: State entities

New Jersey agencies and offices are prohibited from asking job applicants for their compensation history, or investigating the prior salaries of applicants.

View the order

Related Stories

NJ bans salary history inquiries for state employees

Effective date: Jan. 1, 2020

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not screen applicants based on their pay history. Employers may not require that an applicant's prior wages, salaries or benefits meet minimum or maximum criteria. If an applicant voluntarily, without employer prompting or coercion, discloses pay history, an employer may verify the applicant's pay history and may also consider pay history in determining the applicant's salary, benefits and other compensation. After an offer of employment that includes an explanation of the overall compensation package has been made to the applicant, an employer may request the applicant provide the employer a written authorization to confirm pay history.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (21)New York

State-wide

Effective date: Jan. 9, 2017

Employers affected: All agencies and departments over which the governor has executive authority, and all public benefit corporations, public authorities, boards and commission for which the governor appoints the chair, the chief executive or the majority of board members, except for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

State agencies and departments may not request salary history from applicants until after an offer of employment is extended. If an applicant's prior compensation is already known, that information may not be relied upon in determining such applicant's salary, unless required by law or collective bargaining agreement.

View the law

Effective date: Jan. 6, 2020

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not seek pay history. An employer may only confirm pay history if, at the time an offer of employment is made, applicants or current employees respond to the offer by providing pay history to support a wage or salary higher than that offered by the employer.

View the law

New York City

Effective date: Oct. 31, 2017

Employers affected: All employers, employment agencies or employees or agents thereof

Employers in New York City are prohibited from requesting information about job applicants' previous pay or benefits. If an employer already has that information, it is prohibited from using that information to set pay.

View the law

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Albany County

Effective date: Dec. 17, 2017

Employers affected: All employers and employment agencies

Employers are barred from requesting information about past compensation and benefits until after a job offer is made.

View the law

Suffolk County

Effective date: June 30, 2019

Employers affected: Employers and employment agencies

Employers may not ask, whether on an application or otherwise, about a job applicant's wage or salary history, including compensation and benefits. Employers also may not conduct searches of publicly available records. Finally, employers may not rely on known salary history information in setting pay.

View the law

Westchester County

Effective date: July 9, 2018

Employers affected: Employers, labor organizations, employment agencies or licensing agencies, or an employee or agent thereof

Employers may not request information about previous wages. Only under limited circumstances may they confirm prior pay and rely on that information in setting pay.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (22)North Carolina

State-wide

Effective date: April 2, 2019

Employers affected: State agencies

State agencies may not request pay history information from applicants and may not rely upon previously obtained prior salary information in setting pay.

View the order

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (23)Ohio

Cincinnati

Effective date: March 2020 (estimated)

Employers affected: Employers with 15 or more employees located within the city, including job placement and referral agencies. State and local governments are excluded, with the exception of the City of Cincinnati.

Employers may not ask applicants about their salary history and may not rely on known salary histories. Employers also must, upon reasonable request, provide a pay scale for a position for which an applicant has been provided a conditional offer of employment.

View the law

Columbus

Effective date: March 1, 2024

Employers affected: Employers with 15 or more employees located within the city, including job placement and referral agencies. State, local and federal governments are excluded, with the exception of the City of Columbus.

Employers may not ask applicants about their salary history. Employers may not rely solely on salary history in setting pay, benefits or other compensation except under specific circumstances, such as when an applicant is applying for internal transfer or promotion; an applicant discloses salary history voluntarily and unprompted; and in situations pursuant to procedures established by a collective bargaining agreement.

View the law

Toledo

Effective date: June 25, 2020

Employers affected: All employers located within the city that employ 15 or more employees, including referral and employment agencies, as well as the city.

Employers may not ask for nor screen job applicants based on their pay history. They may not require that an applicant's pay history, benefits or other compensation satisfy minimum or maximum criteria. Employers may, however, discuss applicants' pay expectations.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (24)Oregon

State-wide

Effective date: Oct. 6, 2017

Employers affected: Any person employing one or more employees, including the state or any political subdivision thereof or any county, city, district, authority, public corporation or entity and any of their instrumentalities organized and existing under law or charter

Employers may not ask about an applicants' pay history until after an offer of employment is extended. Employers also are prohibited from using prior compensation to set pay, except for current employees moving to a new position with the same employer.

View the law

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A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (25)Pennsylvania

State-wide

Effective date: Sept. 4, 2018 (estimated)

Employers affected: State agencies

State agencies may not ask about a job applicant's current compensation or compensation history at any stage during the hiring process. All job postings must clearly disclose a position's pay scale and pay range.

View the law

Lehigh County

Effective date: June 1, 2024

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not ask job applicants about pay history.

The ordinance is effective June 1, 2024, for all municipalities in the county except for the cities of Allentown and Bethlehem, where it will become effective 15 months after the date of enactment provided that neither city government takes action to be excluded from the ordinance.

View the ordinance

Philadelphia

Effective date: Sept. 1, 2020

Employers affected: Any person who does business in the city through employees or who employs one or more employees exclusive of parents, spouse or children, including any public agency or authority; any agency, authority or instrumentality of the state; and the city, its department, boards and commissions

On Feb. 6, 2020, the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Philadelphia may enforce its pay history ban, vacating a lower court's injunction. The City of Philadelphia announced Aug. 6 that its Commission on Human Relations (PCHR) will begin enforcing the salary history ban on Sept. 1, 2020.

View the ordinance

View the regulations

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Pittsburgh

Effective date: Jan. 30, 2017

Employers affected: The city or any division, department, agency or office thereof, unless specifically excluded in the law

The city's agencies and offices may not ask about an applicant's prior pay and, if they discover it, are prohibited from relying on that information unless the applicant has volunteered it.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (26)Puerto Rico

Commonwealth-wide

Effective date: March 8, 2017

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not request applicants' pay history, but the law makes some exceptions for applicants' voluntary salary disclosures and pay corroboration that take place after a job offer has been made, according to a translation from Littler Mendelson.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (27)Rhode Island

State-wide

Effective date: Jan. 1, 2023

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not seek pay history, nor can they rely on pay history when considering an applicant for employment or determining pay. They may, however, confirm and rely on pay history after an employment offer is made to support a higher wage than initially offered. Employers also must provide a wage range for a given position.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (28)South Carolina

Columbia

Effective date: Aug. 6, 2019

Employers affected: The city

The city will not seek pay history, nor will it rely on pay history in the determination of wages unless an applicant knowingly and willingly discloses pay history. The city will encourage vendors who do business with the city to adopt similar standards, and it may factor in vendors' pay history standards in the process of determining whether to award city contracts.

View the ordinance

Richland County

Effective date: May 23, 2019

Employers affected: The county

Richland County will remove the salary history question from employment applications, verbal interviews and employment screenings.

View document

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (29)Utah

Salt Lake City

Effective date: March 1, 2018

Employers affected: Salt Lake City Corporation

Individuals participating in a city hiring process are prohibited from asking an applicant about their salary history. If an applicant voluntarily discloses salary information, the city cannot rely on such information.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (30)Vermont

State-wide

Effective date: July 1, 2018

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not request applicants' pay history. If that information is volunteered, employers may only confirm it after a job offer has been made.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (31)Virginia

State-wide

Effective date: July 1, 2019

Employers affected: State agencies

Beginning July 1, the Virginia Department of Human Resource Management will introduce an updated application for state jobs that eliminates the salary history field, according to a June 20 announcement by Gov. Ralph Northam.

View the statement

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (32)Washington

State-wide

Effective date: July 28, 2019

Employers affected: All employers

Employers may not seek pay history. They may, however, confirm that information if the applicant voluntarily discloses it or if an offer has been extended.

Employers with 15 or more employees, upon request of the applicant and after extending an offer to the applicant, must provide information about the minimum salary for the position for which the applicant is applying.

View the law

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (33)Wisconsin

State-wide

Effective date: April 18, 2018

Employers affected: None

Local governments may not prohibit employers from soliciting the salary history of prospective employees.

View the law

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A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions (2025)

FAQs

A running list of states and localities that have outlawed pay history questions? ›

Here are the states with state-wide salary history bans: Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, DC, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania (state agencies only), Vermont, Virginia and Washington.

Which states ban salary history inquiries? ›

Salary History Bans by State and Locality

These include: Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington.

Does Florida have a salary history ban? ›

No they cannot. There is no law in any state requiring you to disclose or prove prior salary. Never give a prospective employer your prior salary history.

Does Texas have a salary history ban? ›

Texas Pay Transparency

Texas Bill HB723 is scheduled to take effect on September 1, 2023, and will make it illegal to discriminate against applicants based on their requests for salary information or against those who refuse to provide salary history.

How do employers verify salary history? ›

No. When you are applying for a job in California, employers cannot ask you about your salary history or the value of your benefits (such as health insurance policy limits). Nor can employers try to track down this information personally or through an agent or recruiter.

What is the best answer to salary question? ›

Consider giving a salary range, not a number

If a job post asks applicants to state their expected salary when applying for the position, then give a range — not a specific figure — you're comfortable with. Answers like “Negotiable” might work, but they can also make you look evasive.

How to decline giving salary history? ›

You cannot simply say “no” and leave it at that. Rather, demonstrate that your salary history is not important because of the value you can offer the company. Say that you'd rather not disclose your current salary, as you would like to have a fair negotiation based on your skills and what you have to offer the company.

What if an employer asks for salary history? ›

California's ban prohibits private and public employers from seeking a candidate's pay history. Even if an employer already has that information or an applicant volunteers it, it still can't be used in determining a new hire's pay.

How many states have pay transparency laws in 2024? ›

Those laws apply to workers in California; Colorado; Hawaii; Illinois; Minnesota; New York (with specific laws in New York City, Ithaca and Westchester County), Jersey City, New Jersey; Vermont; Washington and Washington, D.C.

Why is salary history banned? ›

Salary history bans refer to policies, adopted mostly in the United States, that ban employers from asking job candidates about their previous salaries. The purpose of these laws is the reduce the impact of historical discrimination.

Can a past employer say I was fired Florida? ›

Unfortunately, this is simply not the case. Generally, Florida law provides an employer with “qualified immunity” from damages and defamation claims for disclosing information about a former or current employee to a prospective employer, UNLESS the employer discloses information that is knowingly false.

What states prohibit salary history questions? ›

The following states have active salary history bans as of May 1, 2023: Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, DC, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan (state agencies), New Jersey, New York, Nevada, North Carolina (state agencies), Oregon, Pennsylvania (state agencies only), Rhode ...

Is salary history banned in Alabama? ›

On June 11, Governor Kay Ivey signed HB 225, known as the Clarke Figures Equal Pay Act, into law. The Act's effective date is August 1. In passing the new law, Alabama now joins over a dozen other states which prohibit employers from discriminating against applicants based on their pay history.

Is salary history banned in Virginia? ›

On March 14, 2024, Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin (R) vetoed identical bills passed by the Virginia legislature barring employers from asking about a job applicant's salary history and requiring pay information to be included in job listings.

Is the salary history question illegal? ›

California has one of the strongest laws. Private and public employers cannot ask for your salary history information; even if they have it, they cannot use it to set your pay.

Is there a federal salary history ban? ›

State-wide. California's ban prohibits private and public employers from seeking a candidate's pay history. Even if an employer already has that information or an applicant volunteers it, it still can't be used in determining a new hire's pay.

Is salary history banned in NY? ›

Effective January 6, 2020, Labor Law Section 194-a prohibits an employer from, either orally or in writing, personally or through an agent (directly or indirectly), asking any information concerning an applicant's salary history information. This includes compensation and benefits.

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